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CS 607: LAN Connectivity (Spring 2009)

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	Required Texts
	Assignments : Jump to: February, March, April, May
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Announcements

Required for all Assignments

Required Text

Reference Texts

Assignments

In Class

• The Class Web page is located at CVibes.net. (No www. prefix!)
  • All assignments, reading and written, will be posted at CVibes.net
  • Assignments will never be posted in Blackboard
• Blackboard
  • Exams are administered via Blackboard
  • Make sure that you know your CUNY Portal user name and password. If you don't already have a CUNY Portal ID, then Register Now
  • Log into Blackboard to verify that you have access as soon as possible
• Protocol Review:
  • OSI Reference Model (pdf)
  • DNS (Domain Name System) (or Service or Server)
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
  • NAT (Network Address Translation)
• Review: Troubleshooting Client Network Connectivity
  • Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
    • IPv4 Link-Local address assignment (IPV4LL)
    • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0/16) for Automatic Private IP Addressing. As a result, APIPA provides an address that is guaranteed not to conflict with routable addresses.
    • How to use automatic TCP/IP addressing without a DHCP server
  • IPConfig /all
  • Ping

Read

• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Overview
• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

Do

• Send me an e-mail, from the address I can use to contact you, with your first and last names and your daytime or mobile phone number.

In Class

• TCP/IP Tutorials and TCP/IP Links
• Rootkits
• SecurityNow! Netcast by Steve Gibson and Leo Laporte
• Wireless Network Security
  • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) : Due to known security issues with WEP encryption, it is recommended that you use only WPA2-Personal-PSK (preferred) or WPA PSK. WEP can easily be cracked in under a minute.
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2)
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) update for Windows XP SP2
  • When using WPA2, use AES encryption only, instead of TKIP+AES
    • SecurityNow! Episode 170 discusses the TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) hack
• Decode the following MAC addresses to determine the manufacturer
  • 00-0D-56-9E-0B-C7
  • 52-C6-66-F9-8E-5C
  • 00-60-B0-98-E6-F5
  • 00:08:A1:0D:42:1F
  • 00-00-0C-AB-0C-DE
  • 00-00-0D-89-8D-AC
    • http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/index.shtml
    • http://coffer.com/mac_find/
    • http://www.techzoom.net/lookup/check-mac.en
• Converting from decimal to binary
• Determine the network address by ANDing the subnet mask with an IP address

Read

• Chapter 19 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Assignment #1, Due Tues. 2/3/2009
  • Review Questions 1 - 10 at the end of Chapter 19, pg. 574
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off.
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

February

In Class

• Assignment #1 Debriefing
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
• NAT (Network Address Translation)
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
• Tracert (Trace Route)
• Test your firewall using ShieldsUp! by Steve Gibson
• TCP/IP ports are: Open or Closed or Steath
• Good reference Web sites:
  • Wikipedia.org
  • Webopedia.com

Read

• Finish Reading Chapter 19 (pgs. 547 – 574) in Data Communications and Networking. 4th Edition
• Read Appendix B: Numbering Systems.
  • Pay special attention to section B.4 Base 256: IP Addresses

Do

• Assignment #2, Due Tues. 2/10/2009
  • Do the Exercise Questions 12 - 38 (even numbered only) at the end of Chapter 19, pgs. 575 - 577
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.
  • How to: Convert a Decimal Number to IP Address

In Class

• Principle of Least Privilege
• Why You Should Not Run as an Administrator or Root User
• Binary Conversion Worksheet
• How to: Convert a Decimal Number to IP Address

Read

• Read Chapter 20 in Data Communications and Networking. 4th Edition
• Why you shouldn't run as admin by Aaron Margosis

Do

• Assignment #2

In Class

• Assignment #2 Debriefing
  • Allocating blocks of IP addresses
• How to: Convert a Decimal Number to IP Address

Read

• French fighter planes grounded by computer virus
• Read Chapter 20

Do

• Assignment #3, Due Thurs. 2/19/2009
  • Do the Questions 2 - 24 (even numbered only) at the end of Chapter 20, pgs. 607 - 609
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

Read

• Read Chapter 20

Do

In Class

• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
• IPv4 datagram checksums
• IP Fragmentation
• Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
• GRC's Ultra High Security Password Generator: For use with securing your wireless networks
• Password Generator by Nic Wolff
  This will help you be more secure by helping you use a unique password for every Web site.
• Windows SteadyState with Windows Disk Protection (WDP) enabled
• SpinRite data recovery and drive maintenance utility

Read

• Diary of a Network Administrator

In Class

• Review: Converting decimal to base 256
• Decode decimal IP address to dotted quad
• Memorize the bit patterns of often used subnet masks
  • 10000000 = 128
  • 11000000 = 192
  • 11100000 = 224
  • 11110000 = 240
  • 11111000 = 248
  • 11111100 = 252
  • 11111110 = 254
  • 11111111 = 255
• IP Workbook - Determine Custom Subnet Masks
  • If you're given the number of required subnets, and the network address:
    1. Determine the class of the network from the 1st octet of the network address
    2. Using the 2nd line, "Number of Subnets," determine how many bits you need to borrow for the network portion of the IP address by finding the number equal to, or larger than, the required subnets on the chart, then draw a vertical line to the right of that number, across all three rows.
    3. Use the memorized bit patterns to deternine the decimal subnet mask
    4. The number to the left of the line, on the 2nd row is the total number of subnets. -2 will be the number of "usable" subnets.
    5. The number to the right of the line, on the 1st row is the total number of hosts per subnet. -2 will be the number of "usable" hosts.
• If you're given the number of required hosts, and the network address:
  1. Determine the class of the network from the 1st octet of the network address
  2. Using the 1st line, "Number of hosts," determine how many bits you need for the hosts by finding the number equal to, or larger than, the required subnets on the chart, then draw a vertical line to the left of that number, across all three rows.
  3. Determine the number of bits to borrow for the network portion.
  4. Use the memorized bit patterns to deternine the decimal subnet mask
  5. The number to the left of the line, on the 2nd row is the total number of subnets. -2 will be the number of "usable" subnets.
  6. The number to the right of the line, on the 1st row is the total number of hosts per subnet. -2 will be the number of "usable" hosts.

Read

• Quiz #1 will be on Thursday.

Do

• Assignment #4, Due Tues. 2/24/2009
  • Do Problems 4 thru 16 from the Custom Subnet Mask Workbook handout you received in class.
  • Show your work.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

In Class

• Assignment #4 Debriefing
• Assignment #3 Debriefing
• Data Communications and Networking, 4/e: Online Learning Center

Read

Do

• Assignment #5, Due Thurs. 2/26/2009
  • Do Subnetting Problems 3 thru 8 from the IP Workbook handout you received in class.
  • Show your work.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

In Class

• Quiz #1: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Subnetting and IP block allocation
• See chapter 19, plus assignments 4 & 5

Read

• IPv4 address exhaustion

March

In Class

• Quiz #1 Debriefing
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
• How Routers Talk to Each Other
  • Autonomous System (AS)
  • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
  • Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
  • Distance-vector routing protocol
  • Link-state Routing Protocol
  • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Read

• IPv4 subnetting reference
• Subnetwork

In Class

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
  • The process of getting an IP address lease from the DHCP server
  • In addition to an IP address, what additional parameters, if any, does a host need to get from the DHCP server?
    • Subnet Mask
    • Default Gateway
    • DNS Server IP address

• How Routers Talk to Each Other
  • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Demo of: CCNA Network Visualizer 6

In Class

• OSI Reference Model review
• Routing

Read

• Understanding the protocols underlying dynamic routing

Do

• Study for Quiz 2
• View: OSI Model Training Tutorial (1 of 2)
• View: OSI Model Training Tutorial (2 of 2)

In Class

• Building routing tables using RIP for a 3 router network
• Quiz #2: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • OSI Reference Model (See Chapter 2: pgs. 29 - 50)
    • All layers of the OSI Reference Model (Layer number, Layer name, Layer function)
    • Which devices operate on which layers. e.g. Switches, Routers, NIC's, etc.
    • The responsibilities of each layer
    • Which layers major protocols function on. e.g. TCP, UDP, IP, Telnet, FTP, etc.
    • Encapsulation (p. 33)
      
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
    • The Handshake
      • Discover -->
      • Offer <--
      • Request -->
      • Acknowledge <--
      • The name of each message that you would see in each packet
      • Whether a specific phase is broadcast or unicast
      • The details of each phase, especially on networks with more than one DHCP server.
    • What is the purpose of a DHCP scope or pool?
    • What would be the first octet of the IP address on a Windows client that failed to get an IP address from the DHCP server?

In Class

• Quiz 2, debriefing
• Building routing tables using RIP for a 3 router network, continued

Read

• Understanding the protocols underlying dynamic routing

Do

• View: OSI Model Training

In Class

• RouterSim's CCNA Network Visualizer 6.0 is on sale for $149 (usually $229)
• Cisco IOS
• Cisco IOS Router Command Reference
• How to Configure and Enable a Network Interface on a Cisco Router

• Lab 01 (2 LANs, 2 Routers with RIP)
  • Instructions, Diagram 1, Diagram 2
  • Create 2 networks with 2 PC's each, 1 switch, 1 router
  • Set static IP on the PC's
  • Configure both Ethernet interfaces on each router
  • Enable and configure RIP routing
  • Test connectivity by PINGing Host D on LAN 2 from Host A on LAN 1

In Class

• Complete and troubleshoot Lab 01
• Review routing tables of Router A and Router B from Lab 01
  • show ip interface brief
  • show ip route
  • show ip protocol
• Split horizon in distance-vector Routing Protocols is used to prevent routing loops.
• Enabling the OSPF routing process on a Cisco Router
  • OSPF process parameters
    • process id
    • wildcard mask
    • area #

Read

• Video: Understanding Networking I: The OSI Layers by TeracomTraining.com
• Configuring OSPF on a Cisco router

In Class

• Using "Net Packet Monitor" in RouterSim to Examine ICMP Traffic
• Designing and Building a Multi-site Network

Read

• The 7 Layers of the OSI Model
• An Introduction to IGRP [IP Routing] by Cisco

Do

• Study for Exam 1 on April 2, 2009
  • Read chapters 19 and 20 again

In Class

• Conficker / DownAdUp / Kido Worm . More details
• Botnet
• ARP Spoofing
• Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4

Read

• How a Broadcast Address Works

Do

• Continue studying for Exam 1

April

In Class

• Exam 1, covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 19: Network Layer: Logical Addressing
  • Chapter 20: Network Layer: Internet Protocol
  • Quiz 1
  • Quiz 2
  • An Introduction to IGRP [IP Routing] by Cisco
    
  • All keywords from each chapter
  • Status/Troubleshooting Commands for hosts/Windows PC's
    • ipconfig, arp, ping, tracert, etc.
  • Routing Protocols
    • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) vs Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
    • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
    • RIP vs IGRP vs EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
    • EIGRP vs OSPF
    • What are autonomous systems?
    • Convergence
  • All layers of the OSI Reference Model and TCP/IP Protocol Suite
    • Layer numbers and names
    • Functions of each layer
    • Devices that operate on layers 1, 2, and 3
  • DHCP Handshake
  • Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
    • The three strategies for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and their definitions
    • Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
  • ARP Spoofing
• As usual, the exam will be administered via Blackboard
• Quiz #3, due at 12 noon on Sat. 4/4/2009 in Blackboard.

Read

• 10 dumb things IT pros do that can mess up their networks

Do

• Read Chapter 21, pages 611 to 630

In Class

• Exam 1 & Quiz 3, debriefing

Read

• Read Chapter 21
• Read Chapter 22
• How Encapsulation Works Within the TCP/IP Model
• How the Transport Layer Works

Do

• Assignment #6, Due Tues. 4/21/2009
  • Do Questions 2 - 28 (even numbered only) at the end of Chapter 21, pgs. 643 - 644
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

• Assignment #7, Due Thurs. 4/23/2009
  • In Chapter 22: Do Questions 2 - 32 (even numbered only) on pages: 697 - 699
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted.

Spring recess (no classes)

Spring recess (no classes)

Spring recess (no classes)

In Class

• Remote Access, Remote Control & VPN
  • Remote Desktop Services, formerly known as Terminal Services
• Windows Server 2008
  • Test Drive a fully functional virtual Windows Server 2008 online.

In Class

• IPv4 Datagram Header
  • The IPv4 header is 20 to 60 bytes. (See Figure 20.5 on p. 583)
  • Version (VER) field (4-bits)
  • Header length (HLEN) field (4-bits) [p. 584]
    • When there are no options, the header length is 20 bytes, and the value of this field is 5 (5 x 4 = 20 bytes).
      • 20 bytes / 4-byte word = 5. (5 is binary 0101) 
    • When the option field is at its maximum value, binary 1111, the value of the HLEN field is 15 (15 x 4 = 60 bytes).
      • 60 bytes / 4-byte word = 15.
  • Total length field (16-bits) [p. 586]
    • Defines the total length (header plus data) of the IPv4 datagram in bytes.
    • To find the length of the data coming from the upper layer, subtract the header length from the total length.
    • Since the total length field is 16 bits, the total length of the IPv4 datagram is limited to 65,535 bytes (2¹⁶-1), of which 20 to 60 bytes are the header and the rest is data from the upper layer.
  • Time to Live field (8-bits) [p. 587]
    • This value is approximately 2 times the maximum number of routes between any two hosts.
    • Each router that processes the datagram decrements this number by 1.  If this value, after being decremented, is zero, the router discards the datagram.
  • Protocol field (8-bits) [p. 587]
    • Defines the higher-level protocol that uses the services of the IPv4 layer.
    • This field specifies the final destination protocol to which the IPv4 datagram is delivered.
      • SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is a Transport Layer protocol designed for Internet telephony and related applications
• Fragmentation [p. 589]
  • The source usually does not fragment the IPv4 packet.  The transport layer will instead segment the data into a size that can be accommodated by IPv4 and the data link layer in use.
  • The host or router that fragments a datagram must change the value of three fields: flags, fragmentation offset, and total length.
  • The rest of the field must be copied.
  • The value of the checksum must be recalculated regardless of fragmentation
• Fields related to fragmentation [p. 591]
  • Identification (16-bit field)
  • Flags (3-bit field)
  • Fragmentation offset. (13-bit field)

Do

• Make sure that your Lab 01 (RouterSim: 2 LANs, 2 Routers, RIP) is 100% working.

In Class

• IPv4 Datagram Header, continued
  • Options, the variable part, can be a maximum of 40 bytes. [p. 594]
    • The header of the IPv4 datagram is has two parts: a fixed part and a variable part.
    • The fixed part of the header is 20 bytes long. (the base header)
    • The variable part of the header comprises the options that can be a maximum of 40 bytes.
  • Checksum (16-bits)
    • The checksum in the IPv4 packet covers only the header, not the data.
  • Fragmentation offset (13-bits) [p. 591]
    • This 13-bit field show the relative position of this fragment with respect to the whole datagram.
    • The value of the identification field is the same in all fragments
    • It is the offset of the data in the original datagram measured in units of 8 bytes
• Lab 02 (2 LAN’s with 2 Routers and OSPF)
  • Instructions
  • Requires that your Lab 01 is 100% working before class.
  • Review your notes from 3/24/2009 on "Configuring OSPF in a Cisco Router."

Read

• Ghost Rat (Remote Access Trojan): A Trojan horse that operatives of GhostNet used to hack into some of the most sensitive computer networks on Earth.

Do

• Listen to SecurityNow! 191 : GhostNet (30:42)
• Listen to SecurityNow! 193 : Conficker Operation

In Class

• IPv6 Header

• Linksys UI Simulations
  • WRT54G2

Read

• Chapter 20

Do

• Study for Quiz 4 on Tuesday

May

In Class

• PortableApps : Run applications from your USB Flash drive without requiring admin access and without leaving any data behind.
• Quiz 4, covering, but not limited to the following:
  • See the expanded class notes from 4/23/2009, 4/28/2009, and 4/30/2009.
• IPv4 Datagram
  • Header fields (Name, length (bits & bytes), purpose, how or if they relate to IPv6)
  • Determine the size of the options field
• IPv6 Datagram
  • Header fields (Name, length (bits & bytes), purpose, how or it they relate to IPv4)
• Differences between the IPv4 and IPv6 headers
  • Which IPv4 fields were eliminated or changed in IPv6

Read

• Chapter 10.5 Checksum: p. 298 to 301
• Read Chapter 21

Do

• Use "Create your own Search Provider" to add Dogpile.com to IE8.
• Bring in your copy of your answers for Assignment 6 on Thurday.

In Class

• Quiz 4 Debriefing
• Assignment 6, Chapter 21, review
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) packet structure
  • ARP: Questions & Answers
  • ARP/RARP

Read

• ARP: Questions & Answers
• Address Resolution Protocol Tutorial

In Class

• Assignment 6, Chapter 21, review, continuted
• ARP Request & Reply packets from the Wireshark.org protocol analyzer
• RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
  • RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) finds the logical address for a machine that knows only its physical address.
  • A diskless machine is usually booted from ROM
  • Being replaced by DHCP
• BOOTP (Bootstrop Protocol)
  • Bootstrap Protocol is a client/server protocol designed to provide physical address to logical address mapping.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) [p. 621]

• IP has two deficiencies: lack of error control and lack of assistance mechanisms.
• ICMP has been designed to compensate for the above two deficiencies
• ICMP is a companion to the IP protocol.
• Types of ICMP messages
  • The error-reporting messages report problems that a router or a host (destination) may encounter when it processes an IP packet.
  • The query messages, which occur in pairs, help a host or a network manager get specific information from a router or another host.
• ICMP Message Format
  • An ICMP message has an 8-byte header and a variable-size data section.
• ICMP Error Reporting
  • One of the main responsibilities of ICMP is to report errors. [p. 622]
  • ICMP does not correct errors – it simply reports them. Error correction is left to the higher-level protocols.
  • ICMP always reports error messages to the original source

Online Learning Center for Data Communications and Networking, 4th Edition

• Multiple choice quizzes with answers
• Powerpoint Slides
• Flash cards

Do

• Practice with the quizzes from chapters 19, 20, & 21 in the Online Learning Center

In Class

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)

• Unicasting is the communication between one sender and one receiver.
• It is a one-to-one communication.
• Multicasting is the process of sending the same message to a large number of receivers simultaneously.
• It is a one-to-many communication.
• IGMP is not a multicasting routing protocol; it is a protocol that manages group membership.
• In any network, there are one or more multicast routers that distribute multicast packets to hosts or other routers.
• The IGMP protocol gives the multicast routers information about the membership status of hosts (routers) connected to the network.
• A multicast router may receive thousands of multicast packets every day for different groups. If a router has no knowledge about the membership status of the hosts, it must broadcast all these packets. This creates a lot of traffic and consumes bandwidth. A better solution is to keep a list of groups in the network for which there is at least one loyal member. IGMP helps the multicast router create and update this list.

Delivery of a Packet

• Direct Delivery
  • Direct delivery occurs when the source and destination of the packet are located on the same physical network or when the delivery is between the last router and the destination host.
• Indirect Delivery
• If the destination host is not on the same network as the deliverer, the packet is delivered indirectly.
• In an indirect delivery, the packet goes from router to router until it reaches the one connected to the same physical network as its final destination.
• A delivery always involves one direct delivery but zero or more indirect deliveries.
• The last delivery is always a direct delivery.

Read

• Chapter 22

Do

• Study, Study, Study!

In Class

• Assignment 7, Chapter 22, review
• Lab 03 (2 LAN's with 2 Routers, OSPF, Serial Connection)
  • Connecting, configuring, and troubshooting serial interfaces on Cisco routers
  • Instructions
• Lab 04 (3 LAN's, 4 Routers, OSPF, Serial Connection)
  • Adding a 3rd network and a 4th Cisco router to Lab 03
  • Instructions
  • Configurations

Read

• Summaries from Chapters 19, 20, 21, and 22

Do

• Study, Study, Study!
• Log into Blackboard to make sure that you have full access to the class.
• View: Atlas Folder - iPhone Control of Folding Farm w/ LogMeIn Ignition

Final Exam

Don't be late, or you won't have enough time to complete the exam.

• Exam 2, covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 19: Network Layer: Logical Addressing
  • Chapter 20: Network Layer: Internet Protocol
  • Chapter 21: Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting
  • Chapter 22: Network Layer: Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing
  • All keywords from each chapter
  • Status/Troubleshooting Commands for hosts/Windows PC's
    • ipconfig, arp, ping, tracert, etc.
  • Routing Protocols
    • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) vs Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
    • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
    • RIP vs IGRP vs EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
    • EIGRP vs OSPF
    • What are autonomous systems?
    • Convergence
  • All layers of the OSI Reference Model and TCP/IP Protocol Suite
    • Layer numbers and names
    • Functions of each layer
    • Devices that operate on layers 1, 2, and 3
  • DHCP Handshake
  • Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
    • The three strategies for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and their definitions
    • Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
  • ARP Spoofing
  • Delivery of a Packet
    • Direct delivery
    • Indirect delivery
  • Techniques to make the size of the routing table manageable
    • Next-Hop Method vs. Route Method
    • Network-Specific Method vs. Host-Specific Method
    • Default Method
• As usual, the exam will be administered via Blackboard
• Note: The content of previous exams and quizzes will be unavailable after 5:30PM on 5/21/2009

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